Sebastian Raschka • 7/19/2025

The Big LLM Architecture Comparison

This article provides a detailed, technical analysis of the architectural developments in flagship open-source LLMs like DeepSeek V3, Llama 4, and Gemma 3. It moves beyond performance benchmarks to examine core structural components such as attention mechanisms (e.g., Multi-Head Latent Attention, Linear Attention), Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) designs, normalization techniques, and innovations in positional embeddings. The analysis covers over 20 models to identify the key engineering trends defining the current state of LLM development.

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#Mixture Of Experts #LLM Architecture #Transformer Models